Annoted Bibliographie - Topic 1: Difference between collaborative and cooperative learning

I've been loking for bibliographie about the propose theme: Cooperative Freedom, and I've found lot's of book's, articles, blogs, net pages... So I stay a little bit confuse, and I think: I'm not going to enlarge very much, because the time is running, I'm going to center in some book's, articles, blogs, and try to understand them. So I'm going to present the bibliographie and my reflection is going to be center in tree points:

1) Difference between collaborative and cooperative learning;

2) Types of work in learning;

3) Collaborative and cooperative learning in online environment;

The bibligraphie that i've search was:

• Andrioli, Inácio, Revista Espaço Académico Abril 2007 – Mensal – Ano VI

• Cristiane Luiza Köb Leite, Marileni Ortencio de Abreu Passos, Patrícia Lupion Torres e Paulo Roberto Alcântara, A Aprendizagem Colaborativa na Educação a Distância on-line;

• Mcconnell, David, Implement Computer Supported – Cooperative Learning, 1994, 2nd edition 2000

• Panitz, Ted, Collaborative Versus Cooperative Learning- A Comparison Of The Two Concepts Which Will Help Us Understand The Underlying Nature Of Interactive Learning (p.1 – 10)

• Paulsen, Morten, The Hexagon Of Cooperative Freedom: A Distance Education Theory Attuned to Computer Conferencing, DEOSNEWS Vol. 3 No. 2. ISSN 1062-9416. Copyright 1993 DEOS
• Paulsen, Morten, Part One: Online Education, Teaching and Learning, Cooperative Freedom: An Online Education Theory (p. 39 – 50), 2003

• Paulsen, Morten, Cooperative Freedom as a guiding star for Online Education, slideshare.net

• Paulsen, Morten Theory of Cooperative Freedom, toonlet.com

• Rosana Romanó, Ambientes Virtuais para a Aprendizagem Colaborativa no Ensino Fundamental

• Stephan Downes, Blog, article E-Learning 2.0, October 17, 2005

• Wikipedia – collaborative learning

                    - cooperative learning

Trying to understand the cooperative term:

1) Difference between collaborative and cooperative learning:

• 
  
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_learning: this article from Wikipedia talk’s about the meaning of collaborative term in learning environment. It means that “collaborative learning is commonly illustrated when groups of students work together to search for understanding, meaning, or solutions or to create an artifact or product of their learning” and it says that collaborative learning is “closely related to cooperative learning” (if it’s related is not the same thing).
• 
  
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_learning : trying to know what’s cooperative learning I read some things about the Modern school and (it’s one of the practices in my classroom) and, in this article from Wikipedia I see one interesting think: “Students must work in groups to complete the two sets of tasks collectively”; which, in my opinion, means that cooperative learning involves the student’s in some more large, and, requires some positive interdependence (that not appends in collaborative learning).

In this two article I discovery that collaborative learning means work in group to solve a problem or to find an objective, but cooperative learning involves the members of the group in a major task and became them responsible to the process of learning of all. So, collaborative learning involves persons in a group and cooperative learning involves persons in the development of the group (the responsibility and the work is more, but also more grateful to the learners). Of course I’m talking about the collaborative and the cooperative learning in the global sense, I’m not talking, yet, about this terms in the e-learning environment.

• 
  
   Paulsen, M.F. 2003, Part One: Online Education, Teaching and Learning, Cooperative Freedom: An Online Education Theory (p. 39 – 50): Professor Paulsen in this article says: “Houle (1984) states that education is a cooperative rather than an operative art: it implies voluntary interaction among individuals during learning. Even solitary students guiding their own programs without the help of an instructor seek help and encouragement from others.” It strength the idea that I´ve expressed: cooperative learning involves students in a major task and responsabilizes all the individual learner in the learning process.
• 
  
  Collaborative Versus Cooperative Learning- A Comparison Of The Two Concepts Which Will Help Us Understand The Underlying Nature Of Interactive Learning, Ted Panitz – this article gives us an interesting difference between collaborative and cooperative learning, and insert this e-learning theories in the context of the learning theory (constructivism), which resumes all the things that I’ve already say. Panitz say’s that:
  “Collaborative learning (CL) is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members' abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions. The underlying premise of collaborative learning is based upon consensus building through cooperation by group members, in contrast to competition in which individuals best other group members. CL practitioners apply this philosophy in the classroom, at committee meetings, with community groups, within their families and generally as a way of living with and dealing with other people. Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaborative system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher. While there are many mechanisms for group analysis and introspection the fundamental approach is teacher centered whereas collaborative learning is more student centered.” Also in this article is given an interesting definition about cooperative learning (by Spencer Kagan – 1989): "The structural approach to cooperative learning is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures, or content-free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. Structures usually involve a series of steps, with proscribed behavior at each step. An important cornerstone of the approach is the distinction between "structures" and "activities". To illustrate, teachers can design many excellent cooperative activities, such as making a team mural or a quilt. Such activities almost always have a specific content-bound objective and thus cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. Structures may be used repeatedly with almost any subject matter, at a wide range of grade levels and at various points in a lesson plan." So we can say that collaborer is usual, made part of the human been, but cooperer is much more, is to became responsible to the learning and share it in a community.

In conclusion I’ve to say that there’s a lot’s of articles that describes the difference between collaborative and cooperative learning, but I thing that is this little annotated bibliography I discovery a few things:

1) Collaborative and cooperative learning are different concepts (in the nertwork there’s a lot of articles that confuse them, or take them indefinably like this: (Cristiane Luiza Köb Leite, Marileni Ortencio de Abreu Passos, Patrícia Lupion Torres e Paulo Roberto Alcântara, A Aprendizagem Colaborativa na Educação a Distância on-line; Rosana Romanó, Ambientes Virtuais para a Aprendizagem Colaborativa no Ensino Fundamental.);

2) The two terms as born in constructivism theory (from Piaget) that is a development theory and say to us that the learning is made by the subject in interactivity whit the environment (it’s an interactivist theory);

3) The term collaborative men’s work in group, whit people, but it could not have interactivity; this term is specific from the cooperative learning (construct, interact in the learning);

4) Collaborative learning implies rules and lot’s of responsibility, because teacher becomes a moderator and doesn’t transmit the matter to the pupils. All are responsible to the all learning.